Trial Report · Season 2020/21

Premium Leaf Tobacco Trials — Karoi

A small-scale trial in Karoi on the farm of Alfred Marazanye — ten trial rows comparing fertilizers, limes, insecticides, fungicides and suckericides, followed through a mid-season hailstorm to four recorded reapings.

Inspecting the recovered tobacco crop beside the trial signs

Trial at a Glance

Farmer
Alfred Marazanye
Grower Number
V178406
Area
Karoi
Planted
25 November 2020

Fertilizers & Chemicals on Trial

Ten trial rows, each with its own treatment programme applied at planting, at 6 and 7 weeks, at topping and at 9 weeks.

RowFertilizerAt Planting6 Weeks7 WeeksAt Topping9 Weeks
1Conventional High C 6.28.23Calsap · Orizon · BulletOrizon—N’Decanol—
2Conventional High C 6.28.23Calsap · Orizon · BulletOrizonBionN’Decanol—
3Conventional High C 6.28.23Ezyflow Lime · Orizon · BulletOrizonBionFlumetralin Duo—
4Conventional High C 6.28.23Ezyflow Lime · Orizon · CyantraniliproleOrizonBionFlumetralin Duo—
5Conventional High C 6.28.23Orizon · CyantraniliproleMagmectin—Flumetralin Duo—
6Lime Blend 5.28.23Calsap · CyantraniliproleMagmectin—Flumetralin Duo—
7Lime Blend 5.28.23Calsap · CyantraniliproleMagmectin—Flumetralin Duo—
8Lime Blend 5.28.23Ezyflow Lime · CyantraniliproleBeltAzoxy DuoN’DecanolAzoxy Duo
9Lime Blend 5.28.23Ezyflow Lime · Bullet · ImidaclopridBeltAzoxy DuoN’DecanolAzoxy Duo
10Lime Blend 5.28.23Bullet · ImidaclopridBeltAzoxy DuoN’Decanol—

The Season, Step by Step

The trial was inspected and photographed through the season — from planting, through the January hailstorm, to the first reaping.

  1. 25 November 2020

    At planting

    There was a lot of old maize stalks left in the lands, which had a fair amount of insects living inside of them.

    The lands at planting with old maize stalks left in the field
  2. November 2020

    Applying the trial chemicals

    Mr Marazanye and Mr Maponga applying chemicals in the lands.

    Applying trial chemicals in the lands
    Mr Marazanye and Mr Maponga in the trial area
  3. December 2020

    Signs for the trial area

    Alfred’s signs marking out each row of the trial area.

    Row of trial signs marking each treatment
  4. 26 December 2020

    Aphid-free

    All plants were aphid free with very few insects in the lands. No insect damage had been caused.

    Healthy young trial rows in late December
  5. 5 January 2021

    Stems checked

    Stems were checked and no damage was visible by any insects.

    Trial rows in early January
    Growing crop with clean stems in early January
  6. 7 January 2021

    Hail and windstorm

    Hail and windstorm hit the entire crop.

    Crop damage after the hail and windstorm
    Shredded tobacco rows after the hailstorm
    Close-up of hail-damaged leaves on the ground
  7. December — January

    One plant, three visits

    The same tobacco plant from row 8, photographed on 26 December, 5 January — and 7 January, after the hail.

    Row 8 plant on 26 December
    Row 8 plant on 5 January
    Row 8 plant on 7 January after the hail
  8. January 2021

    Nematode analysis

    A sample from row 2 (with Orizon) and row 9 (without Orizon) were both sent to Kutsaga for nematode analysis.

    Root sample lifted for nematode analysis
    Second root sample sent to Kutsaga
  9. 26 January 2021

    Recovering after the hail

    After the hail, Bion was applied to the trial area. After nearly three weeks there is no disease in the tobacco.

    Recovering crop three weeks after the hail
    Healthy regrowth after the Bion application
    Trial rows recovering in late January
  10. 3 February 2021

    Disease-free everywhere

    The tobacco is still disease free — all of the tobacco is disease free, including the tobacco that is not in the trial area.

    Disease-free crop in early February
    Lush trial rows in early February
  11. February 2021

    Minor leaf damage

    A few of the leaves are damaged but the majority are looking healthy. The insects don’t appear to be a problem in any of Alfred’s tobacco, including the trial area.

    Mostly healthy crop with a few damaged leaves
    Close-up of minor leaf damage
  12. February 2021

    Talking topping heights

    Sean Price and Alfred discussing the ideal topping heights after a heavy hailstorm.

    Discussing topping heights in the trial area
    Inspecting the crop beside the trial signs
  13. February 2021

    Reaping begins

    Alfred has started reaping the tobacco from the trial area. After the hail it has recovered nicely, but topping the plant a little bit lower would have helped the leaves fill out a little bit more.

    The trial area as reaping begins
  14. 2 March 2021

    First reaping

    First reaping from the trial area. The tobacco has no disease after the hail.

    First reaped leaf hanging to cure
    Reaped tobacco leaf from the trial area

The Weights & Recordings of the Four Reapings

Every reaping was counted and weighed by row.

1st Reaping
RowLeavesWeight (kg)Avg Leaf Weight (kg)
1650.550.008
2720.750.010
3620.700.011
4600.700.012
5580.550.009
6630.650.010
7640.600.009
8660.600.009
9580.600.010
10620.550.009
2nd Reaping
RowLeavesWeight (kg)Avg Leaf Weight (kg)
1750.750.010
2750.800.011
3750.900.012
4780.900.012
5690.700.010
6810.800.010
7750.800.011
8710.850.012
9750.750.010
10800.650.008
3rd Reaping
RowLeavesWeight (kg)Avg Leaf Weight (kg)
1780.750.009
2750.950.013
3840.850.010
4790.850.011
5840.650.008
6870.850.010
7750.800.011
8750.800.011
9840.750.009
10810.650.008
4th Reaping
RowLeavesWeight (kg)Avg Leaf Weight (kg)
1690.600.009
2540.850.015
3780.800.010
4670.800.012
5720.500.007
6510.650.013
7510.600.012
8560.750.013
9810.600.007
10720.450.006

Combined Totals by Row

The combined total of each row — and the chemicals believed to have helped each row.

RowTotal LeavesTotal Weight (kg)Avg Leaf Weight (kg)Chemicals UsedAfter Hail
12872.650.009Calsap · Orizon · Bullet · N’DecanolBion
22763.350.012Calsap · Orizon · Bullet · Bion · N’DecanolBion
32993.250.011Ezyflow Lime · Orizon · Bullet · Bion · Flumetralin DuoBion
42843.250.011Ezyflow Lime · Orizon · Cyantraniliprole · Bion · Flumetralin DuoBion
52832.400.008Orizon · Cyantraniliprole · Magmectin · Flumetralin DuoBion
62822.950.010Calsap · Cyantraniliprole · Magmectin · Flumetralin DuoBion
72652.800.011Calsap · Cyantraniliprole · Magmectin · Flumetralin DuoBion
82683.000.011Ezyflow Lime · Cyantraniliprole · Belt · Azoxy DuoBion
92982.700.009Ezyflow Lime · Bullet · Belt · Azoxy Duo · N’DecanolBion
102952.300.008Bullet · Belt · Azoxy Duo · N’DecanolBion

Summary

Bion after the hail

All rows had at least one Bion application after the hailstorm hit the trial area — however the rows where two Bion applications were applied show a better recorded weight.

Calsap & Ezyflow Lime

Rows where Calsap or Ezyflow Lime was applied had a better recorded weight over rows without. Rows 5 and 10 recorded the worst weights — and those are the two rows where neither was applied.

Disease & insect control

The trialled area had no disease before or after the hail, and the insect control was good throughout the trial area.

Key Finding

Rows treated with Calsap or Ezyflow Lime recorded better weights than rows without — rows 5 and 10, the only rows where neither was applied, recorded the worst weights of the trial.